<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Nam Hoang]]></title><description><![CDATA[Deep dive long term crypto ]]></description><link>https://hduynam99.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LHy-!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa528397e-661f-4672-8a4c-dd13d6270203_1338x1338.png</url><title>Nam Hoang</title><link>https://hduynam99.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 19:59:45 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://hduynam99.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Nam Hoang]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[hduynam99@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[hduynam99@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Nam Hoang]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Nam Hoang]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[hduynam99@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[hduynam99@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Nam Hoang]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Bear Market 2026: When To Start Buying Bitcoin?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Good accumulation zone for BTC]]></description><link>https://hduynam99.substack.com/p/bear-market-2026-when-to-start-buying</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://hduynam99.substack.com/p/bear-market-2026-when-to-start-buying</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Nam Hoang]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2026 08:02:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hdm1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a8a50ef-9e40-426d-b7ae-ee66bd6b5212_2404x1260.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hdm1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a8a50ef-9e40-426d-b7ae-ee66bd6b5212_2404x1260.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hdm1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a8a50ef-9e40-426d-b7ae-ee66bd6b5212_2404x1260.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hdm1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a8a50ef-9e40-426d-b7ae-ee66bd6b5212_2404x1260.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hdm1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a8a50ef-9e40-426d-b7ae-ee66bd6b5212_2404x1260.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hdm1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a8a50ef-9e40-426d-b7ae-ee66bd6b5212_2404x1260.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hdm1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a8a50ef-9e40-426d-b7ae-ee66bd6b5212_2404x1260.png" width="728" height="381.5640599001664" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5a8a50ef-9e40-426d-b7ae-ee66bd6b5212_2404x1260.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;normal&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1260,&quot;width&quot;:2404,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:728,&quot;bytes&quot;:3477645,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/i/204557169?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d2ab928-a717-47b1-805c-bbbfb4dbf95c_2947x1260.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hdm1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a8a50ef-9e40-426d-b7ae-ee66bd6b5212_2404x1260.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hdm1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a8a50ef-9e40-426d-b7ae-ee66bd6b5212_2404x1260.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hdm1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a8a50ef-9e40-426d-b7ae-ee66bd6b5212_2404x1260.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hdm1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a8a50ef-9e40-426d-b7ae-ee66bd6b5212_2404x1260.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>We&#8217;re currently in a period that has historically been very favorable for long-term Bitcoin accumulation.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Crypto investing insights - for free</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h3>The Technical Setup</h3><p>Bitcoin has shown a very consistent pattern with the <strong>200-week moving average </strong>(200WMA) relatively to its <strong>4-year cycles</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FiRc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb0db6b6-26d2-403a-8e57-2b81be8e3bbc_9221x5180.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FiRc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb0db6b6-26d2-403a-8e57-2b81be8e3bbc_9221x5180.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FiRc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb0db6b6-26d2-403a-8e57-2b81be8e3bbc_9221x5180.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FiRc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb0db6b6-26d2-403a-8e57-2b81be8e3bbc_9221x5180.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FiRc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb0db6b6-26d2-403a-8e57-2b81be8e3bbc_9221x5180.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FiRc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb0db6b6-26d2-403a-8e57-2b81be8e3bbc_9221x5180.png" width="1456" height="818" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fb0db6b6-26d2-403a-8e57-2b81be8e3bbc_9221x5180.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:818,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:316593,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/i/204557169?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb0db6b6-26d2-403a-8e57-2b81be8e3bbc_9221x5180.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FiRc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb0db6b6-26d2-403a-8e57-2b81be8e3bbc_9221x5180.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FiRc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb0db6b6-26d2-403a-8e57-2b81be8e3bbc_9221x5180.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FiRc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb0db6b6-26d2-403a-8e57-2b81be8e3bbc_9221x5180.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FiRc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb0db6b6-26d2-403a-8e57-2b81be8e3bbc_9221x5180.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">This chart highlights the moments when BTC first crossed below the 200WMA regarding the 4-year cycle (yellow lines).</figcaption></figure></div><p>Every major cycle low has either touched or briefly gone below this line before recovering strongly.</p><p>&#8226; <strong>2014 cycle:</strong> BTC briefly went below the 200WMA in January 2015, then broke out strongly later that year.</p><p>&#8226; <strong>2018 cycle:</strong> BTC touched the 200WMA in December 2018 and bounced, before briefly breaking below again in March 2020 due to the COVID crash.</p><p>&#8226; <strong>2022 cycle:</strong> BTC went below the 200WMA in June 2022 and remained under it for several months before breaking out in March 2023.</p><p>As of <strong>early June 2026</strong>, Bitcoin has crossed below the 200WMA again. Historically, this has marked the beginning of meaningful accumulation phases for long-term holders.</p><h3>The Macro Context</h3><p>This timing also aligns with a recurring macro pattern: <strong>US midterm election</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Ck0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6f7f60-38a0-4c2a-8a6a-4178e3186fa6_9221x5180.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Ck0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6f7f60-38a0-4c2a-8a6a-4178e3186fa6_9221x5180.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Ck0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6f7f60-38a0-4c2a-8a6a-4178e3186fa6_9221x5180.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Ck0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6f7f60-38a0-4c2a-8a6a-4178e3186fa6_9221x5180.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Ck0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6f7f60-38a0-4c2a-8a6a-4178e3186fa6_9221x5180.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Ck0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6f7f60-38a0-4c2a-8a6a-4178e3186fa6_9221x5180.png" width="1456" height="818" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ab6f7f60-38a0-4c2a-8a6a-4178e3186fa6_9221x5180.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:818,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:337706,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/i/204557169?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6f7f60-38a0-4c2a-8a6a-4178e3186fa6_9221x5180.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Ck0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6f7f60-38a0-4c2a-8a6a-4178e3186fa6_9221x5180.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Ck0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6f7f60-38a0-4c2a-8a6a-4178e3186fa6_9221x5180.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Ck0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6f7f60-38a0-4c2a-8a6a-4178e3186fa6_9221x5180.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Ck0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab6f7f60-38a0-4c2a-8a6a-4178e3186fa6_9221x5180.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">This chart highlights second half of US midterm year (blue arrow).</figcaption></figure></div><p>In midterm election years (2014, 2018, 2022, and now 2026), Bitcoin has shown a clear pattern of weakness during the <strong>second half of the year</strong> (roughly July to December). This period reflects how new presidential policies are actually playing out in the real economy after the initial post-election hype.</p><p>While the stock market has its own patterns during this window, Bitcoin has tended to be particularly weak, often creating some of the better buying opportunities of the cycle.</p><h3>The Hodly Risk Metric</h3><p>With over 13 years of data, the Hodly risk metric shows a <strong>cold market zone.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EaPv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd80da57-496c-498c-9f86-0d5971ce95bc_8995x5849.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EaPv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd80da57-496c-498c-9f86-0d5971ce95bc_8995x5849.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EaPv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd80da57-496c-498c-9f86-0d5971ce95bc_8995x5849.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EaPv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd80da57-496c-498c-9f86-0d5971ce95bc_8995x5849.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EaPv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd80da57-496c-498c-9f86-0d5971ce95bc_8995x5849.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EaPv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd80da57-496c-498c-9f86-0d5971ce95bc_8995x5849.png" width="1456" height="947" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bd80da57-496c-498c-9f86-0d5971ce95bc_8995x5849.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:947,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:401115,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/i/204557169?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd80da57-496c-498c-9f86-0d5971ce95bc_8995x5849.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EaPv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd80da57-496c-498c-9f86-0d5971ce95bc_8995x5849.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EaPv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd80da57-496c-498c-9f86-0d5971ce95bc_8995x5849.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EaPv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd80da57-496c-498c-9f86-0d5971ce95bc_8995x5849.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EaPv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd80da57-496c-498c-9f86-0d5971ce95bc_8995x5849.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Hodly&#8217;s Risk Metric uses RSI + Volatility + distance from 200WMA to track BTC live risk score.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Historically, major accumulation zones have formed when the risk score drops below <strong>29</strong> (shown in blue/dark blue). Bitcoin has only spent about <strong>22.3%</strong> of its lifetime in this low-risk zone. Right now, with price around $60K, BTC risk score is in hovering around <strong>24</strong>.</p><p><em>Note: The risk score is intended as a reference to understand broader market conditions, not as a tool to predict exact bottoms.</em></p><h3>What Matters Most</h3><p>If you&#8217;re here for the long run, the exact bottom doesn&#8217;t matter as much as <strong>having a plan</strong> ready for this once-every-4-year opportunity.</p><p>Whether we rally from here, move sideways, or retest lower, the combination of:</p><ul><li><p>200WMA support,</p></li><li><p>Midterm year seasonality and 4-year cycle theory</p></li><li><p>Low risk score</p></li></ul><p>suggests we&#8217;re in a favorable accumulation period.</p><p>This doesn&#8217;t mean Bitcoin can&#8217;t go lower in the short term. It can, and it probably will at times due to news and sentiment. The question worth asking here is <strong>whether you have an accumulation plan ready to take advantage of it</strong>.</p><p>Having a structured approach that can automatically adjust based on market conditions can help reduce emotional decision-making and keep you aligned with your long-term goals. This is the kind of environment Hodly had in mind when building tools like <strong>Recurring Buy</strong> (automated DCA) and <strong>Adaptive Accumulation</strong>, so you can stay consistent without needing to monitor the market constantly.</p><p>In the end, Bitcoin&#8217;s biggest moves have often rewarded those who stayed consistent during the quiet, uncomfortable periods rather than those who tried to time perfection.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://hodlycrypto.com/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Auto DCA &amp; Adaptive Accumulate Bitcoin&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://hodlycrypto.com/"><span>Auto DCA &amp; Adaptive Accumulate Bitcoin</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Why Smart Money Is Ditching Manual Yield Farming?]]></title><description><![CDATA[The rise of Vault: Replacement of the DeFi "DIY"]]></description><link>https://hduynam99.substack.com/p/why-smart-money-is-ditching-manual</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://hduynam99.substack.com/p/why-smart-money-is-ditching-manual</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Nam Hoang]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 19 Jun 2026 16:39:27 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Ann!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038c4a79-d413-4ced-8810-9fa250fa827b_2400x1260.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Ann!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038c4a79-d413-4ced-8810-9fa250fa827b_2400x1260.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Ann!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038c4a79-d413-4ced-8810-9fa250fa827b_2400x1260.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Ann!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038c4a79-d413-4ced-8810-9fa250fa827b_2400x1260.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Ann!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038c4a79-d413-4ced-8810-9fa250fa827b_2400x1260.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Ann!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038c4a79-d413-4ced-8810-9fa250fa827b_2400x1260.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Ann!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038c4a79-d413-4ced-8810-9fa250fa827b_2400x1260.png" width="1456" height="764" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/038c4a79-d413-4ced-8810-9fa250fa827b_2400x1260.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:764,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2404173,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/i/202659339?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038c4a79-d413-4ced-8810-9fa250fa827b_2400x1260.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Ann!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038c4a79-d413-4ced-8810-9fa250fa827b_2400x1260.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Ann!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038c4a79-d413-4ced-8810-9fa250fa827b_2400x1260.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Ann!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038c4a79-d413-4ced-8810-9fa250fa827b_2400x1260.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Ann!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038c4a79-d413-4ced-8810-9fa250fa827b_2400x1260.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Unless you&#8217;ve been living under a rock, it&#8217;s clear by now that DeFi has moved well past its experimental phase. The ecosystem has surpassed $100B threshold in TVL, supported by hundreds of active protocols, each playing a different economic role.</p><p>This level of maturity brings real benefits, but it has also created a practical problem. With so many protocols operating across multiple chains, actively managing yield positions now often means constantly monitoring different liquidation thresholds, reacting to governance changes, and adjusting strategies as market conditions shift. For many users and even institutions, this level of operational overhead has become a genuine pain in the ass.</p><p></p><h3><strong>The Index Fund Parallel</strong></h3><p>In traditional finance, a similar problem was addressed decades ago. Back in 1976, Vanguard launched the first retail index fund, giving individual investors broad market exposure through a single, low-cost, rules-based product instead of forcing them to pick stocks themselves. With a similar goal of making sophisticated financial activity more accessible without constant hands-on management, we&#8217;re now seeing the rise of a new type of product built specifically for DeFi: the vault.</p><p></p><h3><strong>What Is a DeFi Vault and How Does It Work?</strong></h3><p><strong>A DeFi vault is a smart contract that automatically manages crypto assets across multiple protocols based on predefined logic.</strong> These contracts don&#8217;t just execute transactions, they also contain decision-making frameworks. Once deployed, the vault monitors specific conditions and adjusts positions without requiring ongoing manual input.</p><p>When you deposit an asset (such as USDC or ETH), you receive a vault token that represents your share of the assets and any yield generated. The vault then deploys your capital according to its programmed strategy. As the strategy produces returns ,whether through lending, liquidity provision, or other methods, the value of your vault token increases over time.</p><p></p><h3><strong>Different Types of Vaults</strong></h3><p>Although they all operate on the same basic principle, different types of vaults are designed for different purposes and carry their own risk profiles. Here are the main categories currently active:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Auto-compounding vaults</strong> (examples: <strong>Beefy, Yearn</strong>): Automatically harvest and reinvest rewards to maximize returns over time.</p></li><li><p><strong>Curated lending vaults</strong> (example: <strong>Morpho Vaults</strong>): Use professional risk teams to allocate funds across multiple lending markets while respecting defined risk limits.</p></li><li><p><strong>LP management vaults</strong> (example: <strong>Kamino</strong> on Solana): Automate concentrated liquidity positions on decentralized exchanges.</p></li><li><p><strong>Fixed-yield vaults </strong>(example: <strong>Pendle PT</strong>): Aim to deliver more predictable returns, often through yield tokenization.</p></li><li><p><strong>RWA/Treasury vaults</strong> (examples: <strong>Ondo, BlackRock </strong>BUIDL): Provide exposure to tokenized real-world assets such as U.S. Treasuries.</p></li><li><p><strong>Options/Structured vaults</strong> (examples: <strong>Ribbon Finance, Gearbox</strong>): Generate yield through structured strategies such as options selling, hedging, or leverage.</p></li></ul><p>I&#8217;ll explore these categories in greater detail in a follow-up article.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://hduynam99.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><h3><strong>The Trade-offs</strong></h3><p>Vaults offer clear advantages in convenience, but they also come with important limitations:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Loss of direct control:</strong> Instead of managing positions yourself, you rely on the vault&#8217;s strategy and (in curated vaults) the curator&#8217;s decisions.</p></li><li><p><strong>Fees can reduce net returns:</strong> Many vaults charge performance fees (a share of profits) or management fees.</p></li><li><p><strong>Reduced visibility:</strong> Because the vault handles execution, it can be harder to fully understand where your capital is deployed and how it&#8217;s performing at any given time.</p></li></ul><p>In short, vaults don&#8217;t eliminate risk. They make participation easier, but they still require users to evaluate the quality of the strategy and the parties managing it.</p><p></p><h3><strong>How to Evaluate a DeFi Vault</strong></h3><p>Before putting capital into any vault, consider asking these questions:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Who is managing it?</strong> Is it fully automated, or is there a curator/team? What is their track record?</p></li><li><p><strong>What is the actual strategy?</strong> How does the vault generate yield?</p></li><li><p><strong>What are the main risks?</strong> This includes risks related to the vault itself (smart contract risk, curator decisions) as well as risks from the underlying strategy (impermanent loss, liquidation, oracle failure, etc.).</p></li><li><p><strong>What fees does it charge?</strong> Are there performance fees, management fees, or withdrawal fees?</p></li><li><p><strong>How easy is it to exit?</strong> Are there lockups, timelocks, or liquidity constraints during periods of stress?</p></li><li><p><strong>Has it been audited?</strong> Are the audits recent, and were any critical issues properly resolved?</p></li><li><p><strong>What happens in a worst-case scenario?</strong> (Such as a black swan event, smart contract exploit, or major market crash)</p></li></ul><p><strong>TL;DR:</strong> DeFi vaults package complex strategies into more accessible products, much like index funds did for traditional investing. This shift brings real benefits, but it also means users need to develop better skills in evaluating strategies and understanding risk.</p><p><em>If you&#8217;re exploring vaults or have questions about specific types and their risk profiles, feel free to ask in the comments, happy to dive deeper.</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://hodlycrypto.com&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Earn Yield With Curated Vault&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://hodlycrypto.com"><span>Earn Yield With Curated Vault</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[How to find the best DeFi yield]]></title><description><![CDATA[DeFi yield strategies comparison: Which yield product is suitable for you?]]></description><link>https://hduynam99.substack.com/p/how-to-find-the-best-defi-yield</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://hduynam99.substack.com/p/how-to-find-the-best-defi-yield</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Nam Hoang]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 04:50:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/41d68ef0-bf6f-4177-8731-98f1144334f0_2400x1260.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In traditional finance, cash sitting in a bank can earn interest. DeFi yield brings the same basic idea on-chain, letting you put crypto assets to work inside decentralized protocols to generate returns.</p><p>Regarding the ongoing debate over which yield product is the best, here&#8217;s my answer: Every strategy has an engine that generates the return, and every engine has parts that can fail. Besides the holy-grail APY %, you should choose yield product based on this question: <em><strong>&#8220;What can you tolerate?&#8221;</strong></em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Crypto investing insights - for free</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h3>1. Tokenized Treasuries (BlackRock BUIDL, Ondo USDY/OUSG)</h3><p>These are on-chain tokens backed by real U.S. Treasury bills and short-duration government debt. The yield comes directly from traditional fixed-income returns, not from crypto activity.</p><p><strong>Typical APY range:</strong> 3.5&#8211;5.5%</p><p><strong>What&#8217;s worth understanding</strong><br>You&#8217;re swapping crypto-native risks for TradFi ones. The main exposures are issuer/custody risk and redemption terms. Liquidity is generally good, but some products have minimums or processing delays. This is the closest thing in DeFi to a cash-like yield with minimal price volatility.</p><p><strong>Key downside</strong><br>Restricted for US-citizen or available only for institution. Issuer default (extremely rare for T-bills), custody issues, or sudden redemption restrictions during market stress.</p><p><strong>Who it suits</strong><br>People who want yield on stable value with the lowest possible crypto volatility.</p><h3>2. Stablecoin Lending (Aave, Compound, Spark)</h3><p>You supply stablecoins to a lending market and earn the interest that borrowers pay.</p><p><strong>Typical APY range:</strong> 3&#8211;7% on major stablecoins (higher on optimized/curated pools)</p><p><strong>What&#8217;s worth understanding</strong><br>This is one of the cleanest DeFi yield models. The yield is real borrower interest, not token emissions. However, &#8220;overcollateralized&#8221; does not mean risk-free. Bad debt can still occur if collateral drops sharply or oracles fail. <strong>Note:</strong> Lending volatile assets (ETH, BTC, etc.) adds major price risk and higher liquidation chance.</p><p><strong>Key downside</strong><br>Oracle manipulation, sudden collateral devaluation leading to undercollateralized loans, or liquidity crunches during black swan events.</p><p><strong>Who it suits</strong><br>Investors comfortable with core DeFi mechanics who want straightforward stablecoin yield.</p><h3>3. Liquid Staking Tokens &#8211; LSTs (Lido stETH, Rocket Pool rETH, JitoSOL)</h3><p>You stake ETH or SOL and receive a liquid token that continues earning staking rewards while remaining tradable.</p><p><strong>Typical APY range:</strong> 2.5&#8211;4% (base staking yield; can be higher with additional incentives)</p><p><strong>What&#8217;s worth understanding</strong><br>This is not &#8220;safe yield.&#8221; You remain fully exposed to ETH or SOL price movements, plus you now carry validator concentration risk and the possibility of the LST trading at a discount to the underlying asset during stress.</p><p><strong>Key downside</strong><br>A major slashing event, validator concentration issues (especially on Lido), or temporary depeg during market panic.</p><p><strong>Who it suits</strong><br>Long-term ETH or SOL holders who want to earn yield on assets they already plan to keep.</p><h3>4. Curated Lending Vaults (Morpho Vaults and similar curator-managed pools)</h3><p>Professional curators or algorithms allocate your capital across multiple lending markets to optimize yield while managing risk parameters.</p><p><strong>Typical APY range:</strong> 4&#8211;8%+ (depending on curator and market conditions)</p><p><strong>What&#8217;s worth understanding</strong><br>The curator becomes the new decision-making layer. They choose which markets to use and how much risk to take. This can improve returns, but it also concentrates risk into one team&#8217;s judgment and allocation decisions.</p><p><strong>Key downside</strong><br>Curator misallocation, sudden changes in market parameters, or the underlying lending markets experiencing bad debt.</p><p><strong>Who it suits</strong><br>People who want better-than-basic lending yields without manually managing every market themselves.</p><h3>5. Yield Aggregators &amp; Auto-Compounding Vaults (Yearn, Beefy)</h3><p>These are wrappers that automatically compound returns from underlying strategies (lending, liquidity providing, staking, etc.).</p><p><strong>Typical APY range:</strong> 3&#8211;8% (varies widely depending on what the vault is farming)</p><p><strong>What&#8217;s worth understanding</strong><br>You&#8217;re adding an extra smart contract layer on top of whatever strategy is running underneath. The vault reduces your daily work, but you now trust both the vault code and the underlying strategy&#8217;s performance and migration decisions.</p><p><strong>Key downside</strong><br>Strategy drift (the vault starts doing something different than expected) or an exploit in the vault itself.</p><p><strong>Who it suits</strong><br>Users who want truly hands-off compounding and accept the extra layer of trust.</p><h3>6. Fixed-Rate Yield Tokenization (Pendle PT positions)</h3><p>You can lock in a fixed yield by buying Principal Tokens (PT) that mature at a set date.</p><p><strong>Typical APY range (fixed PT):</strong> 4&#8211;10% depending on the underlying asset and time to maturity</p><p><strong>What&#8217;s worth understanding</strong><br>Holding PT to maturity gives you a more predictable fixed return. This is very different from buying the Yield Token (YT), which is essentially a leveraged bet on future yield movements. PT is closer to a bond; YT is closer to a derivative trade.</p><p><strong>Key downside</strong><br>The underlying yield source underperforms before maturity, or liquidity dries up if you need to exit early.</p><p><strong>Who it suits</strong><br>Investors who want certainty on yield and are comfortable holding until maturity.</p><h3>7. Restaking &amp; Liquid Restaking (EigenLayer, ether.fi, Renzo)</h3><p>You take already-staked ETH (or LSTs) and reuse it to secure additional networks and services for extra rewards.</p><p><strong>Typical APY range:</strong> 4&#8211;9% total (base staking + restaking rewards)</p><p><strong>What&#8217;s worth understanding</strong><br>Besides earning extra yield, you&#8217;re taking on slashing risk from multiple networks at once. If several of the services you&#8217;re securing get slashed simultaneously, losses can compound quickly. Liquid Restaking Tokens (LRTs) add another potential depeg layer.</p><p><strong>Key downside</strong><br>Coordinated slashing events across multiple AVSs or LRT depegging during market stress.</p><p><strong>Who it suits</strong><br>ETH holders who understand the added layers and want to maximize yield on their staked position.</p><h3>8. Synthetic Dollar Yield (Ethena USDe / sUSDe)</h3><p>This strategy uses collateral and short perpetual futures positions to capture funding rates and basis.</p><p><strong>Typical APY range:</strong> Highly variable, historically 5&#8211;15%+ in favorable funding environments, but can drop significantly or turn negative for periods</p><p><strong>What&#8217;s worth understanding</strong><br>This is packaged financial engineering. The yield depends on perpetual futures funding rates staying positive. When funding flips negative for extended periods, the yield can disappear or reverse.</p><p><strong>Key downside</strong><br>Prolonged negative funding rates, hedge failure, or stress events that cause redemption pressure and depeg.</p><p><strong>Who it suits</strong><br>Advanced users who understand basis trading and funding mechanics.</p><h3>9. AMM Liquidity Providing (Uniswap, Curve, Balancer)</h3><p>You provide token pairs to a decentralized exchange and earn trading fees (plus any incentives).</p><p><strong>Typical APY range:</strong> Highly variable, often 5&#8211;20%+ including incentives, but net returns after impermanent loss can be much lower</p><p><strong>What&#8217;s worth understanding</strong><br>This is market-making, not passive income. You get paid to take the risk that the two assets in your pool move apart (impermanent loss). Stablecoin pairs have lower IL but still carry stablecoin and protocol risk. Volatile pairs pay more but can lose significantly on price divergence.</p><p><strong>Key downside</strong><br>Heavy impermanent loss in a trending market or reward token incentives collapsing.</p><p><strong>Who it suits</strong><br>Users who actively manage ranges or understand they are providing a service and accepting directional risk.</p><p><strong>TL;DR: Here&#8217;s the table comparing the 9 DeFi yield products: </strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vSEr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd34ee57f-567b-42af-a94c-b1001a4977c5_2620x1800.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vSEr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd34ee57f-567b-42af-a94c-b1001a4977c5_2620x1800.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vSEr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd34ee57f-567b-42af-a94c-b1001a4977c5_2620x1800.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vSEr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd34ee57f-567b-42af-a94c-b1001a4977c5_2620x1800.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vSEr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd34ee57f-567b-42af-a94c-b1001a4977c5_2620x1800.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vSEr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd34ee57f-567b-42af-a94c-b1001a4977c5_2620x1800.png" width="1456" height="1000" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d34ee57f-567b-42af-a94c-b1001a4977c5_2620x1800.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1000,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:282669,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/i/201387563?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd34ee57f-567b-42af-a94c-b1001a4977c5_2620x1800.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vSEr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd34ee57f-567b-42af-a94c-b1001a4977c5_2620x1800.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vSEr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd34ee57f-567b-42af-a94c-b1001a4977c5_2620x1800.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vSEr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd34ee57f-567b-42af-a94c-b1001a4977c5_2620x1800.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vSEr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd34ee57f-567b-42af-a94c-b1001a4977c5_2620x1800.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://hodlycrypto.com&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Earn Yield With Curated Vault&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://hodlycrypto.com"><span>Earn Yield With Curated Vault</span></a></p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Crypto Bear Market Playbook 2026: How to win by not dying]]></title><description><![CDATA[How to invest in crypto 101 - Non-trading edition]]></description><link>https://hduynam99.substack.com/p/crypto-bear-market-playbook-2026</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://hduynam99.substack.com/p/crypto-bear-market-playbook-2026</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Nam Hoang]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 05 Jun 2026 00:43:07 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1e63c386-6a03-4ca8-bf9d-931583defd43_2400x1260.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>To survive this cycle and come out stronger, here&#8217;s a practical checklist for long-term crypto investors, including keywords for self-research.</em></p><p><strong>1. Build a strong portfolio foundation</strong></p><p>No matter how crypto-maxi you are, a portfolio with high concentration in crypto never be a good idea. A resilient long-term portfolio should have exposure across different asset classes that behave differently in various economic environments.</p><ul><li><p>Include some <strong>exposure to traditional assets</strong> (stocks, bonds, gold) for better risk management across cycles. (<strong>Keywords</strong>: Ray Dalio&#8217;s All Weather Portfolio, Regime-aware allocation)</p></li></ul><p>For crypto specifically, Use a simple <strong>Core-Satellite</strong> approach for <strong>diversification</strong>:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Core (60-80%)</strong>: Bitcoin + Ethereum (stability + liquidity)</p></li><li><p><strong>Satellite (20-40%)</strong>: Quality altcoins across different narratives (e.g. established Layer-1s, DeFi, AI/RWA, mid-cap projects)</p></li><li><p>Keep 5-15% in stablecoins for captital flexibility</p></li></ul><p><strong>2. Manage exposure wisely</strong></p><p>How much and when you buy has a bigger impact on long-term results than picking the perfect coin.</p><p>2 things you need to consider:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Rebalance regularly:</strong> Review your portfolio allocation quarterly or when any asset drifts eg: more than 10% from your target. This forces you to sell high / buy low systematically. The goal is to maintain risk in tolerable level, and avoid over concentration. (<strong>Keywords:</strong> Time-Based Rebalancing, Threshold Rebalancing, Automated Rebalancing)</p></li><li><p><strong>Buying rules:</strong> Instead of lump sum or emotional buying, spread purchases over time. <strong>Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA)</strong> is the simplest method. More advanced investors use <strong>Adaptive Accumulation</strong> - buying more when risk metrics are favorable and less when risk is elevated.</p></li></ul><p><strong>3. Maintain a cash buffer</strong></p><p>Having cash (or stablecoins) gives you flexibility to buy during big dips and prevents you from being forced to sell assets prematurely.</p><p>Tips:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Minimum cash/stablecoins buffer:</strong> 1 year of your planned spending or investment needs. (<strong>Keyword: </strong>bucket strategy)</p></li><li><p><strong>Earn Yield:</strong> defi-protocols allow instant withdrawal. Park your stablecoins on relatively safe protocols instead of letting it sit idle. (<strong>Keywords:</strong> Vault, Lending, Liquidity Provision, Staking &amp; Farming)</p></li><li><p>Treat <strong>cash as a strategic asset</strong> &#8212; especially in uncertain macro environments, holding cash (or earning safe yield) can be smarter than being fully invested. (<strong>Keyword:</strong> Dry Powder, Downside Buffer)</p></li></ul><p><strong>4. Use rule-based systems</strong></p><p>Long-term investing success depends more on <em>how consistent you stay with your plan</em> than <em>how well you called the bottom</em>. Pre-defined rules help you avoid emotional impact on your decision, especially when volatility hits.</p><p><strong>Practical Implementation:</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Create a set of rules</strong> for buying, selling, and adjusting exposure. (<strong>Keywords:</strong> Rule-based investing, Investment Policy Statement)</p></li></ul><p>Example: <em>&#8220;Only increase buying when asset drawdown is below 15%&#8221;</em> or &#8220;<em>Rebalance when any asset drifts more than 10% from target.&#8221;</em></p><ul><li><p><strong>Tools and automation</strong> can help execute your rules consistently. <strong>(Keywords:</strong> Recurring Buys, Adaptive Strategies, Automated Rebalance)</p></li></ul><p><strong>5. Monitor the right things</strong></p><p>Tempted as it could be, daily price watching often hurts long-term investors more than it helps. Focus on higher-level signals.</p><p>Things you should track:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Portfolio Performance:</strong> PnL, Allocation vs target</p></li><li><p><strong>Macro indicators</strong>: CPI (inflation), Fed interest rate decisions, DXY (US Dollar Index), S&amp;P Index</p></li><li><p><strong>On-chain metrics</strong> (especially for Bitcoin): MVRV Z-Score, Risk Score, Exchange Reserves, Long-term Holder Supply</p></li><li><p><strong>Alerts for important thresholds</strong> instead price watching. (Risk zone change, Cross support line, major portfolio drift)</p></li></ul><p><strong>6. Security is non-negotiable</strong></p><p>Even the best strategy fails if you get hacked or lose access to your funds. This is one of the few risks you can control before hand.</p><p>Tips:</p><ul><li><p>Use <strong>hardware wallets</strong> for long-term holdings (<strong>Keywords:</strong> cold storage, Ledger, Trezor, Nano)</p></li><li><p>Use <strong>self-custody</strong> where possible and enable <strong>strong security practices</strong> (<strong>Keywords:</strong> 2FA, withdrawal whitelisting, multi sig wallet).</p></li><li><p>Research &amp; regular review <strong>protocol and platform risks.</strong> (<strong>Keywords:</strong> smart contract risk, operational security)</p></li></ul><p><strong>TLDR:</strong> This piece is a reminder of what actually matters if you want to stay in the game long enough to win.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://hodlycrypto.com&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Build wealth that last with crypto&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://hodlycrypto.com"><span>Build wealth that last with crypto</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Stablecoins Fixed the Rails. They Did Not Delete Risk.]]></title><description><![CDATA[What traditional finance still does well, what blockchain improves, and why faster money still needs risk context.]]></description><link>https://hduynam99.substack.com/p/stablecoins-fixed-the-rails-they</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://hduynam99.substack.com/p/stablecoins-fixed-the-rails-they</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Nam Hoang]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 22 May 2026 20:30:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0RLv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F205f4e23-c3aa-4d71-92bb-4627f4ce396b_2560x1440.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Stablecoins are one of the most useful things crypto has built.</p><p>Not the loudest. Not the weirdest.<br>Not the one with a cartoon animal yelling about community.</p><p>Useful.</p><p>They move like crypto, price like dollars, and settle without asking a bank branch what time it is.</p><p>That is a real upgrade. But here is the part people skip:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Faster money is not automatically safer money.</strong></p></blockquote><p>Stablecoins improve the rails. They do not delete risk. They change where the risk lives.</p><p>In traditional finance, the risk sits inside banks, payment processors, settlement windows, custody rules, chargeback systems, compliance departments, and legal wrappers.</p><p>On chain, the risk moves into issuers, reserves, wallets, blockchains, smart contracts, liquidity, redemption paths, and whatever the user signs at 1:14 a.m. because the interface looked clean.</p><p>Progress? Yes.</p><p>Magic? No.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Stablecoins are not a side quest anymore</strong></h2><p>This is no longer a niche crypto topic.</p><p>As of May 22, 2026, DeFiLlama shows total stablecoin market cap at roughly <strong>$322.1 billion</strong>. USDT is around <strong>$189.6 billion</strong>, and USDC is around <strong>$76.3 billion</strong>.</p><p>Visa&#8217;s stablecoin dashboard, using its own adjusted methodology, shows more than <strong>$272 billion</strong> in global circulating stablecoin supply and about <strong>$10.2 trillion</strong> in adjusted global transaction volume over the last 12 months.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0RLv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F205f4e23-c3aa-4d71-92bb-4627f4ce396b_2560x1440.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0RLv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F205f4e23-c3aa-4d71-92bb-4627f4ce396b_2560x1440.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0RLv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F205f4e23-c3aa-4d71-92bb-4627f4ce396b_2560x1440.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0RLv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F205f4e23-c3aa-4d71-92bb-4627f4ce396b_2560x1440.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0RLv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F205f4e23-c3aa-4d71-92bb-4627f4ce396b_2560x1440.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0RLv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F205f4e23-c3aa-4d71-92bb-4627f4ce396b_2560x1440.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/205f4e23-c3aa-4d71-92bb-4627f4ce396b_2560x1440.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:214315,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/i/198783110?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F205f4e23-c3aa-4d71-92bb-4627f4ce396b_2560x1440.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0RLv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F205f4e23-c3aa-4d71-92bb-4627f4ce396b_2560x1440.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0RLv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F205f4e23-c3aa-4d71-92bb-4627f4ce396b_2560x1440.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0RLv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F205f4e23-c3aa-4d71-92bb-4627f4ce396b_2560x1440.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0RLv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F205f4e23-c3aa-4d71-92bb-4627f4ce396b_2560x1440.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Stablecoins are now a $322B+ market. This is no longer just a degen farming topic.</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>That scale changes the conversation.</p><p>When a market is small, people ask:</p><p>&#8220;Is this real?&#8221;</p><p>When a market is over $300 billion, the better question is:</p><blockquote><p><strong>&#8220;What is this becoming, and what risk comes with it?&#8221;</strong></p></blockquote><p>Stablecoins are becoming crypto&#8217;s default dollar rail.</p><p>They are used for trading, settlement, treasury movement, DeFi collateral, payments, remittances, vaults, and idle capital management.</p><p>That does not mean every stablecoin is good. It means the category matters.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>What a stablecoin actually is</strong></h2><p>A stablecoin is a blockchain token designed to track the value of another asset, usually the U.S. dollar.</p><p>Simple enough.</p><p>But it is not the same thing as holding dollars in a bank account.</p><p>A stablecoin is a bundle of several things:</p><ul><li><p>a token</p></li><li><p>an issuer or protocol</p></li><li><p>reserves or collateral</p></li><li><p>redemption mechanics</p></li><li><p>market liquidity</p></li><li><p>blockchain settlement</p></li><li><p>wallet custody</p></li><li><p>regulatory exposure</p></li></ul><p>That bundle can be powerful. It can also break in more than one place.</p><p>A stablecoin is not just &#8220;cash on-chain.&#8221; It is a claim, a token, and a payment rail wearing the same jacket.</p><p>That is why serious users should care about what backs it, where it trades, how it redeems, and what happens under stress.</p><p>Not because stablecoins are bad. Because money rails are never risk-free. They are just risk-designed.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Traditional finance is not dead. It is just limited</strong></h2><p>Crypto people love pretending traditional finance is a museum exhibit.</p><p>It is not.</p><p>Traditional rails still move enormous value, and they have legal structure, consumer protections, compliance processes, and decades of operational muscle.</p><p>ACH is a good example.</p><p>Nacha says the ACH Network reaches all U.S. bank and credit union accounts, processes payments <strong>23&#188; hours every banking day</strong>, and settles payments four times every banking day. In 2025, ACH processed <strong>35.2 billion payments</strong> worth <strong>$93 trillion</strong>.</p><p>That is not dead infrastructure.</p><p>That is very alive infrastructure with a calendar problem.</p><p>ACH still settles during banking-system windows. Nacha notes that ACH payments are not currently settled on weekends and federal holidays.</p><p>FedNow is another example. The Federal Reserve says FedNow lets participating banks and credit unions send and receive transactions within seconds, <strong>24 hours a day, seven days a week</strong>.</p><p>So the honest version is not:</p><p>&#8220;Banks are useless. Crypto fixes everything.&#8221;</p><p>The honest version is:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Traditional rails are improving. Stablecoins still matter because they are natively digital, global, programmable, and blockchain-connected.</strong></p></blockquote><p>That is the difference.</p><p>Stablecoins are not competing against a frozen version of banking from 1979.</p><p>They are competing against improving financial rails that still have limits.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>What blockchain improves</strong></h2><p>Stablecoins make money behave more like the internet.</p><p>That sounds clich&#233; because crypto people have abused the phrase to death.</p><p>But the point is real.</p><p>Stablecoins improve several things at once:</p><p></p><p><strong>Improvement &amp; What it means</strong></p><p><strong>24/7 movement: </strong>Value can move outside banking hours</p><p><strong>Global access: </strong>The same token standard can move across borders and chains</p><p><strong>Programmability: </strong>Money can interact with smart contracts</p><p><strong>Composability: </strong>Stablecoins plug into wallets, exchanges, DeFi, vaults, and payment apps</p><p><strong>Transparency: </strong>Supply, flows, and on-chain activity can be monitored more openly</p><p><strong>Faster crypto funding: </strong>Users can move between cash-like balances and crypto strategies with less friction</p><p>That last point matters.</p><p>Stablecoins are not only payment assets. They are also the funding layer for on-chain finance.</p><p>A user can hold USDC, move it to a wallet, swap, lend, deposit into a vault, withdraw, bridge, or rebalance without waiting for a bank wire desk to have its morning coffee.</p><p>On Base specifically, DeFiLlama shows about <strong>$4.73 billion</strong> in stablecoin market cap, with USDC dominance around <strong>89.8%</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkSw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62dc73f4-e15c-49bc-820d-8def7698f400_2560x1440.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkSw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62dc73f4-e15c-49bc-820d-8def7698f400_2560x1440.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkSw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62dc73f4-e15c-49bc-820d-8def7698f400_2560x1440.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkSw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62dc73f4-e15c-49bc-820d-8def7698f400_2560x1440.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkSw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62dc73f4-e15c-49bc-820d-8def7698f400_2560x1440.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkSw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62dc73f4-e15c-49bc-820d-8def7698f400_2560x1440.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/62dc73f4-e15c-49bc-820d-8def7698f400_2560x1440.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:213215,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/i/198783110?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62dc73f4-e15c-49bc-820d-8def7698f400_2560x1440.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkSw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62dc73f4-e15c-49bc-820d-8def7698f400_2560x1440.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkSw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62dc73f4-e15c-49bc-820d-8def7698f400_2560x1440.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkSw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62dc73f4-e15c-49bc-820d-8def7698f400_2560x1440.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkSw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62dc73f4-e15c-49bc-820d-8def7698f400_2560x1440.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Base has $4.7B+ in stablecoin liquidity, with USDC dominating the chain&#8217;s stablecoin market.</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>That matters because low-friction chains make stablecoin workflows easier.</p><p>Good.</p><p>They also make bad decisions easier.</p><p>Less friction is not the same as more wisdom.</p><p>Speed is not a risk model.</p><p><em>This is the direction behind <a href="https://hodlycrypto.com">HodlyCrypto</a>: faster stablecoin rails are useful, but users still need clearer context before moving money on-chain. Better UX should not require blind trust.</em></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>What stablecoins do not improve</strong></h2><p>Stablecoins do not remove financial risk. They move it. The risk stack changes.</p><h3><strong>Issuer risk</strong></h3><p>Who issued the stablecoin? Can they redeem it? Do they have the reserves they say they have?</p><h3><strong>Reserve risk</strong></h3><p>What backs the token? Cash? Treasuries? Repo? Bank deposits? Other assets?</p><p>The difference matters when markets are calm. It matters more when they are not.</p><h3><strong>Depeg risk</strong></h3><p>A stablecoin is supposed to trade around $1.</p><p>&#8220;Supposed to&#8221; is not the same as &#8220;must.&#8221;</p><p>Stress can break assumptions.</p><h3><strong>Banking risk</strong></h3><p>Even stablecoins live partly inside traditional finance. Issuers need banks, custodians, treasury markets, payment systems, and redemption partners. The old system is still underneath the new rail. Fun little plot twist.</p><h3><strong>Smart contract risk</strong></h3><p>The token, vault, bridge, or DeFi app may depend on code.</p><p>Code can be audited. Code can also break.</p><h3><strong>Wallet risk</strong></h3><p>Self-custody gives users control. It also gives users responsibility.</p><p>Private keys do not care that you were tired.</p><h3><strong>Liquidity risk</strong></h3><p>A stablecoin can look fine until liquidity gets thin.</p><p>A token can look liquid until everyone wants the same exit.</p><h3><strong>Regulatory risk</strong></h3><p>Rules are moving.</p><p>In the U.S., Treasury proposed rules in April 2026 to implement parts of the GENIUS Act, including anti-money-laundering and sanctions compliance requirements for permitted payment stablecoin issuers.</p><p>That does not mean stablecoins are doomed.</p><p>It means the market is maturing.</p><p>And mature markets come with rules, constraints, and tradeoffs.</p><p>The Federal Reserve made the broader point clearly in an April 2026 note: stablecoins grew sharply in 2025, but their expanding role can create new financial stability vulnerabilities through more complex intermediation chains, vertical integration, and retail adoption.</p><p>Translation:</p><p>Stablecoins reduce some friction. They introduce a different risk stack.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>History lesson: USDC and Silicon Valley Bank</strong></h2><p>USDC is generally considered one of the higher-quality stablecoins in crypto. But in March 2023, it still temporarily lost its peg after Circle had <strong>$3.3 billion</strong> deposited with Silicon Valley Bank, around <strong>8%</strong> of total reserves at the time. The Federal Reserve later described how Circle&#8217;s inability to access those reserves sparked redemption pressure and secondary-market selling pressure on USDC.</p><p>Chainalysis also wrote that Circle&#8217;s $3.3 billion exposure to SVB prompted USDC to lose its peg over that weekend, before the peg was regained.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mxej!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f216f8-c8df-4ff7-be81-9ad38ea0fac0_749x541.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mxej!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f216f8-c8df-4ff7-be81-9ad38ea0fac0_749x541.png 424w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e0f216f8-c8df-4ff7-be81-9ad38ea0fac0_749x541.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:541,&quot;width&quot;:749,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:132257,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/i/198783110?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f216f8-c8df-4ff7-be81-9ad38ea0fac0_749x541.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mxej!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f216f8-c8df-4ff7-be81-9ad38ea0fac0_749x541.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mxej!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f216f8-c8df-4ff7-be81-9ad38ea0fac0_749x541.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mxej!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f216f8-c8df-4ff7-be81-9ad38ea0fac0_749x541.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mxej!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0f216f8-c8df-4ff7-be81-9ad38ea0fac0_749x541.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Even high-quality stablecoins can carry off-chain counterparty risk.</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>USDC recovered. That matters. But the episode still taught a useful lesson:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Stablecoin risk is not only on-chain. Sometimes the weak point is the traditional financial system underneath it.</strong></p></blockquote><p>Banks matter. Reserves matter. Redemption windows matter. Market confidence matters.</p><p>Stablecoin users should not ignore the boring parts. The boring parts are usually where the real risk hides.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>How to stay ahead</strong></h2><p>Stablecoins are going to keep growing. Traditional finance is going to keep adapting. Blockchains are going to keep improving the rails. Regulators are going to keep writing rules.</p><p>So the useful question is not:</p><p>&#8220;Are stablecoins good or bad?&#8221;</p><p>The useful question is:</p><blockquote><p><strong>&#8220;What improved, and what risk moved?&#8221;</strong></p></blockquote><p>Before using a stablecoin, ask:</p><h3><strong>1. Who issued it?</strong></h3><p>Is it issued by a company, a protocol, or something more experimental?</p><h3><strong>2. What backs it?</strong></h3><p>Cash, Treasuries, bank deposits, crypto collateral, algorithms, or vibes wearing a blazer?</p><h3><strong>3. Can it be redeemed?</strong></h3><p>A stablecoin is stronger when redemption is clear and reliable.</p><h3><strong>4. Has it held its peg under stress?</strong></h3><p>Normal markets do not test much.</p><p>Stress does.</p><h3><strong>5. What chain is it on?</strong></h3><p>The asset matters. The rail matters too.</p><h3><strong>6. How liquid is it?</strong></h3><p>A token can look stable until the exit gets crowded.</p><h3><strong>7. What wallet risk am I taking?</strong></h3><p>Self-custody is powerful.</p><p>It is also unforgiving.</p><p>This is not about avoiding every risk.</p><p>Crypto has risk.</p><p>Stablecoins have risk.</p><p>Self-custody has risk.</p><p>The goal is to know which risk moved before you move the money.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The takeaway</strong></h2><p>Stablecoins are an upgrade.</p><p>They make money faster, more programmable, more global, and more useful inside crypto.</p><p>But they are not magic dollars.</p><p>They are not risk-free cash.</p><p>They are not automatically safer because they live on a blockchain.</p><p>Traditional finance has slow rails and heavy intermediaries.</p><p>Blockchain has fast rails and sharper user responsibility.</p><p>Both have tradeoffs.</p><p>The smart move is not to pick a team and stop thinking.</p><p>The smart move is to understand what improved and what risk moved.</p><p>Stablecoins fixed part of the rail problem.</p><p>They did not delete issuer risk.</p><p>They did not delete reserve risk.</p><p>They did not delete depeg risk.</p><p>They did not delete smart contract risk.</p><p>They did not delete wallet risk.</p><p>They did not delete liquidity risk.</p><p>That is the direction behind HodlyCrypto: calmer accumulation, clearer risk, and user-controlled execution.</p><p>Not &#8220;move faster and hope.&#8221;</p><p>More like:</p><p><strong>What am I using, what risk moved, and what could break under stress?</strong></p><p>That question will not make stablecoin risk disappear.</p><p>It will make the user harder to fool.</p><p>And in crypto, that is already a decent edge.</p><p>Stablecoins are the rail upgrade.</p><p>Yield is the next layer.</p><p>Holding USDC is one decision. Putting that USDC into a vault for APY is another. That second decision needs its own framework: who pays the yield, who controls the vault, how liquid the exit is, and what risk the APY is paying you to take.</p><p>That is Part 2.</p><div><hr></div><p><em>Not financial advice. Stablecoins can depeg. On-chain assets carry smart contract, liquidity, wallet, issuer, reserve, regulatory, and market risk.</em></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Lump Sum vs DCA comparison: LS wins… or does it?]]></title><description><![CDATA[I ran a test comparing Lump Sum vs DCA for Bitcoin and Ethereum, using price data from Jan 1, 2021 to May 16, 2026.]]></description><link>https://hduynam99.substack.com/p/lump-sum-vs-dca-comparison-ls-wins</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://hduynam99.substack.com/p/lump-sum-vs-dca-comparison-ls-wins</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Nam Hoang]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2026 05:57:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vc_i!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53458737-1038-4d97-9557-41f31599a648_3300x2550.heic" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Here the test result:</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Long-term crypto investing strategy analysis for free &#8595; </p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vc_i!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53458737-1038-4d97-9557-41f31599a648_3300x2550.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vc_i!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53458737-1038-4d97-9557-41f31599a648_3300x2550.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vc_i!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53458737-1038-4d97-9557-41f31599a648_3300x2550.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vc_i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53458737-1038-4d97-9557-41f31599a648_3300x2550.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vc_i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53458737-1038-4d97-9557-41f31599a648_3300x2550.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vc_i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53458737-1038-4d97-9557-41f31599a648_3300x2550.heic" width="1456" height="1125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/53458737-1038-4d97-9557-41f31599a648_3300x2550.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1125,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:367536,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://hduynam99.substack.com/i/198216476?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53458737-1038-4d97-9557-41f31599a648_3300x2550.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vc_i!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53458737-1038-4d97-9557-41f31599a648_3300x2550.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vc_i!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53458737-1038-4d97-9557-41f31599a648_3300x2550.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vc_i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53458737-1038-4d97-9557-41f31599a648_3300x2550.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vc_i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53458737-1038-4d97-9557-41f31599a648_3300x2550.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Strategies tested:</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>LS</strong> = invest all capital immediately</p></li><li><p><strong>DCA(1)</strong> = split investment over yearly intervals</p></li><li><p><strong>DCA(6)</strong> = split investment over 6 periods per year</p></li><li><p><strong>DCA(12)</strong> = monthly DCA</p></li></ul><p><strong>How to read the table:</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Mean Terminal</strong> = average final portfolio value. Higher is better.</p></li><li><p><strong>Std Terminal</strong> = how spread out the final outcomes are. Higher means more uncertainty around the result.</p></li><li><p><strong>Sharpe</strong> = return per unit of volatility. Higher is better.</p></li><li><p><strong>Avg Max DD</strong> = average maximum drawdown. Lower is better.</p></li><li><p><strong>Avg Days Below Initial</strong> = average percent of time the strategy stayed below the starting capital. Lower is better.</p></li><li><p><strong>Avg Max Days Below Initial</strong> = average longest stretch spent below starting capital. Lower is better.</p></li><li><p><strong>Avg Days to Breakeven</strong> = average time needed to recover back to starting capital after falling below it. Lower is better.</p></li><li><p><strong>Worst 10% Terminal Avg</strong> = average final result from the worst 10% of starting periods. Higher is better.</p></li><li><p><strong>CVaR95 Loss</strong> = average loss in the worst 5% of outcomes. Lower is better.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Key takeaway:</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>LS wins big on return</strong> for both BTC and ETH</p></li><li><p><strong>LS</strong> generally <strong>fails on remaining metrics</strong>, except for Avg Days Below Initial</p></li><li><p>More frequent DCA is <strong>not always better</strong>.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Question:</strong></p><p><em><strong>&#8220;Do we need an accumulation strategy that improves long-run survivability without giving up too much return?&#8221;</strong></em></p><p>Deeper analysis coming&#8230;</p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>